dos

See also: Appendix:Variations of "dos"

English

Alternative forms

• do's

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /duːz/

• Audio (US)

  (file)

• Rhymes: -uːz

Noun

dos

1. plural of do
   • 1916, Eleanor H. Porter, chapter VIII, in Just David‎^[1]:

     With the coming of Monday arrived a new life for David—a curious life full of "don'ts" and "dos." David wondered sometimes why all the pleasant things were "don'ts" and all the unpleasant ones "dos."

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• (US) IPA^(key): /doʊz/
• Rhymes: -oʊz

Noun

dos

1. (music) plural of do
   • 2020, Jennifer Snodgrass, Teaching Music Theory, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 212:

     In functional harmonic progression, three “Dos” in a row within the Do-Ti test indicate chord changes that can only be this descending third pattern.

Anagrams

• DSO, OD's, ODS, OSD, SDO, SOD, SoD, dso, ods, sod

Aragonese

Aragonese cardinal numbers

<  1	2	3  >
Cardinal : dos

Etymology

From Latin duos, accusative of duo.

Numeral

dos

1. two

Asturian

Asturian cardinal numbers

<  1	2	3  >
Cardinal : dos     Ordinal : segundu

Etymology

From Latin duōs, accusative form of duo.

Numeral

dos (indeclinable)

1. two

Catalan

Catalan numbers ^(edit)

	20
[a], [b] ←  1	2	3  →
Cardinal: dos     Ordinal: segon     Ordinal abbreviation: 2n     Multiplier: doble     Fractional: mig
Catalan Wikipedia article on 2

Etymology 1

Inherited from Latin duōs, accusative form of duo (“two”), from Proto-Italic *duō, from Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁. Compare Occitan dos, French deux, Spanish dos.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic, Valencian) [ˈdos]
• Rhymes: -os

Numeral

dos m (feminine dues)

1. (cardinal number) two

Usage notes

• Catalan cardinal numbers may be used as masculine or feminine adjectives, except un/una (“1”), dos/dues (“2”), cents/centes (“100s”) and its compounds. When used as nouns, Catalan cardinal numbers are treated as masculine singular nouns in most contexts, but in expressions involving time such as la una i trenta (1:30) or les dues (two o'clock), they are feminine because the feminine noun hora has been elided.

Derived terms

• dos punts
• sabràs dos i dos quants fan
• tocar el dos

Noun

dos m (plural dosos)

1. two
2. (castells) torre
3. (castells) One of a pair of castellers in the pom de dalt, who form the third-highest level of the castell

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• (originally, Italianate) IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic, Valencian) [ˈdɔs]
• (more commonly) IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic, Valencian) [ˈdos]

Noun

dos

1. plural of do (“do (note of the musical scale)”)

Etymology 3

Inherited from Old Catalan dos, from Vulgar Latin dossum, from Latin dorsum (“back”). Compare dors, a borrowed doublet.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic, Valencian) [ˈdɔs]

Noun

dos m (plural dossos)

1. Archaic form of dors.

Derived terms

• tocar el dos

Further reading

• “dos” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “dos”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
• “dos” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “dos” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Cornish

Etymology

Contraction of dones. Cognate with Welsh dod

Verb

dos

1. to come, arrive

Mutation

  Mutation of dos  

Cornish consonant mutation
unmutated	soft	aspirate	hard	mixed	mixed after 'th
dos	dhos	unchanged	tos	tos	tos

Dutch

Etymology

Borrowed from Middle French dos (“back”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dɔs/

• Audio

  (file)

• Hyphenation: dos
• Rhymes: -ɔs

Noun

dos m (plural dossen, diminutive dosje n)

1. garb, clothing, especially extravagant or unusual clothes
2. pelt, fur
3. patch of hair, especially one's headhair

Derived terms

• dossen
• haardos
• verendos

 

Extremaduran

Etymology

Akin to Spanish, from Latin duo.

Numeral

dos

1. two

Fala

Alternative forms

• dus (Lagarteiru, Valverdeñu)

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese dos, equivalent to de (“of”) +‎ os (masculine plural definite article).

Contraction

dos m pl (singular do, feminine da, feminine plural das)

1. (Mañegu) of the
   • 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Theme I, Chapter 1: Lengua Española:

     Esti términu Mañegu, o mais pequenu dos tres, formaba parti, con términus de Vilamel i Trevellu, da pruvincia de Salamanca hasta o anu 1833 […]

     This San Martinese locality, the smallest of the three, formed, along with the Vilamen and Trevejo localities, the Salamanca province until the year 1833 […]

References

• Valeš, Miroslav (2021) Diccionariu de A Fala: lagarteiru, mañegu, valverdeñu (web)‎^[2], 2nd edition, Minde, Portugal: CIDLeS, published 2022, →ISBN

French

Etymology

Inherited from Old French dos, from Latin dorsum (through Vulgar Latin dossum). Compare Romansch dies, Catalan dors, Italian dosso, and Romanian dos.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /do/

• audio

  (file)

Noun

dos m (plural dos)

1. (anatomy) back (of a person)
2. (in the plural) backs (of persons) (clarification of this definition is needed)
3. (swimming) backstroke
4. spine (of a book)

Antonyms

• tranchant

Derived terms

• adosser
• avoir bon dos
• casser du sucre sur le dos de
• coûter la peau du dos
• dos à dos
• dos crawlé
• dos d’âne
• dossard
• dossier
• en avoir plein le dos
• endosser
• être dos au mur
• faire froid dans le dos
• faire le dos rond
• faire le gros dos
• ne pas y aller avec le dos de la cuillère
• sac à dos
• se mettre à dos
• tourner le dos

 

Related terms

• dorsal

Further reading

• “dos”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Galician

Etymology

From contraction of preposition de (“of, from”) + masculine plural definite article os (“the”). Akin to Portuguese dos (de + os).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /d̪ʊs̺/

Contraction

dos m pl (masculine do, feminine da, feminine plural das)

1. of the; from the

Further reading

• “dos” in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega, Royal Galician Academy.

Ilocano

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish dos.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈdos/, [ˈdos]
• Hyphenation: dos

Numeral

dos

1. two

   Synonym: dua

Indonesian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈd̪ɔs]
• Hyphenation: dos

Noun

dos (first-person possessive dosku, second-person possessive dosmu, third-person possessive dosnya)

1. nonstandard form of dus.

Irish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /d̪ˠɔsˠ/
• (Ulster) IPA^(key): /d̪ˠʌsˠ/

Etymology 1

From Old Irish doss (“bush, thicket, tree”).

Noun

dos m (genitive singular dois, nominative plural dosanna)

1. tuft

Declension

Declension of dos

First declension

Bare forms: Case Singular Plural Nominative dos dosanna Vocative a dhois a dhosanna Genitive dois dosanna Dative dos dosanna

Forms with the definite article: Case Singular Plural Nominative an dos na dosanna Genitive an dois na ndosanna Dative leis an dos don dos leis na dosanna

Further reading

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “dos”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
• G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “1 dos”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• Entries containing “dos” in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm, 1959, by Tomás de Bhaldraithe.
• Entries containing “dos” in New English-Irish Dictionary by Foras na Gaeilge.

Etymology 2

Noun

dos m (genitive singular dosa)

1. Alternative form of gus (“force, vigor”)

Declension

Declension of dos

Third declension

Bare forms: Case Singular Plural Nominative dos dosa Vocative a dhos a dhosa Genitive dosa dosa Dative dos dosa

Forms with the definite article: Case Singular Plural Nominative an dos na dosa Genitive an dosa na ndosa Dative leis an dos don dos leis na dosa

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Eclipsis
dos	dhos	ndos
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Kabuverdianu

Kabuverdianu cardinal numbers

<  1	2	3  >
Cardinal : dos

Etymology

From Portuguese dois.

Numeral

dos

1. two (2)

Kristang

Etymology

From Portuguese dois, from Latin duo.

Numeral

dos

1. two

Ladino

Etymology

From Latin duōs, accusative of duo.

Numeral

dos (Latin spelling, Hebrew spelling דוס)

1. two

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *dōtis, from Proto-Indo-European *déh₃tis, from *deh₃- (“give”). Doublet of dosis. Cognate with Ancient Greek δόσις (dósis), Sanskrit दिति (díti).

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /doːs/, [d̪oːs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /dos/, [d̪ɔs]

Noun

dōs f (genitive dōtis); third declension

1. dowry
   • 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 5.319–320:

     ‘saepe mihi Zephyrus ‘dōtēs corrumpere nōlī
     ipsa tuās’ dīxit: dōs mihi vīlis erat.’

     “Often Zephyrus said to me, ‘Don’t destroy your own dowry.’ My dowry was of no value to me.”
     (Flora (mythology) stopped caring for flowers when the early Romans neglected to worship her deity; Zephyrus, the west wind of spring, was her consort.)

2. gift, endowment, talent

Declension

Third-declension noun.

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	dōs	dōtēs
Genitive	dōtis	dōtum dōtium
Dative	dōtī	dōtibus
Accusative	dōtem	dōtēs
Ablative	dōte	dōtibus
Vocative	dōs	dōtēs

Derived terms

• dōtālis
• dōtō

Descendants

• Catalan: dot
• Dalmatian: duauta
• French: dot
• Galician: dote
• Italian: dota, dote
• Portuguese: dote
• Sicilian: duti
• Spanish: dote

References

• “dos”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “dos”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• dos in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• dos in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[3], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to give a dowry to one's daughter: dotem filiae dare
    
• “dos”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “dos”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin

Latvian

Verb

dos

1. third-person singular/plural future indicative of dot

Malay

Etymology 1

From English dose.

Noun

dos (Jawi spelling دوس, plural dos-dos, informal 1st possessive dosku, 2nd possessive dosmu, 3rd possessive dosnya)

1. dose

Alternative forms

• dosis (Indonesia)

Etymology 2

From Dutch doos, from Middle Dutch dose (since 1361), probably from Latin dosis (“the small box in which a dose of medication was given”).

Noun

dos (plural dos-dos, informal 1st possessive dosku, 2nd possessive dosmu, 3rd possessive dosnya)

1. (Indonesia) carton, cardboard box

Alternative forms

• dus (Indonesia)

Further reading

• “dos” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

Middle Welsh

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /doːs/

Verb

dos

1. second-person singular imperative of mynet

Mutation

Middle Welsh mutation
Radical	Soft	Nasal	Aspirate
dos	ðos	nos	unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Norman

Etymology

From Old French dos, from Vulgar Latin dossum, from Latin dorsum.

Noun

dos m (plural dos)

1. (Jersey, anatomy) back (of a person)

Northern Sami

Determiner

dōs

1. locative singular of dōt

Occitan

Occitan cardinal numbers

<  1	2	3  >
Cardinal : dos     Ordinal : dosen

Etymology

From Latin duōs, accusative form of duo.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈdus/

• Audio (Languedocien)

  (file)

• Hyphenation: dos

Numeral

dos m (feminine doas)

1. two

Further reading

• Joan de Cantalausa (2006) Diccionari general occitan a partir dels parlars lengadocians‎^[4], 2 edition, →ISBN, page 360.

Old French

Etymology

From Vulgar Latin dossum, from Latin dorsum.

Noun

dos oblique singular, m (oblique plural dos, nominative singular dos, nominative plural dos)

1. (anatomy) back

Descendants

• French: dos
• Norman: dos (Jersey)
• Walloon: dos

Old Occitan

Etymology

From Latin duos, accusative of duo.

Numeral

dos

1. two (2)

Descendants

• Occitan: dos

Old Spanish

Old Spanish cardinal numbers

<  1	2	3  >
Cardinal : dos     Ordinal : segundo

Alternative forms

• II (representation in Roman numerals)

Etymology

From Latin duō.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈdos/

Numeral

dos

1. two

Descendants

• Spanish: dos

Papiamentu

Papiamentu cardinal numbers

<  1	2	3  >
Cardinal : dos

Etymology

From Portuguese dois and Spanish dos and Kabuverdianu dos.

Numeral

dos

1. two (2)

Portuguese

Alternative forms

• d'os (dated)

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /dus/

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /dus/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /duʃ/
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /dos/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /duʃ/

Contraction

dos m pl

2. Contraction of de os (“of/from the (masculine plural)”): masculine plural of do

   dos Santos

   of the Saints

Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:do.

See also

• do (singular form)
• das (feminine form)
• da (singular feminine form)

Romanian

Etymology

Inherited from Vulgar Latin dossum, from Latin dorsum. Compare French dos and Romansch dies.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈdos/
• Rhymes: -os

Noun

dos n (plural dosuri)

1. back

   Synonym: spate

2. bottom, behind, buttocks

   Synonym: fund

3. reverse
4. backside, rear
5. tails (on a coin)

Declension

Declension of dos

	singular		plural
	indefinite articulation	definite articulation	indefinite articulation	definite articulation
nominative/accusative	(un) dos	dosul	(niște) dosuri	dosurile
genitive/dative	(unui) dos	dosului	(unor) dosuri	dosurilor
vocative	dosule		dosurilor

Related terms

• pe dos

 

Spanish

Spanish numbers ^(edit)

	20
←  1	2	3  →
Cardinal: dos     Ordinal: segundo     Ordinal abbreviation: 2.º     Multiplier: doble     Collective: ambos     Fractional: medio, mitad
Spanish Wikipedia article on 2

Etymology

Inherited from Latin duōs, from Proto-Italic *duō, from Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁. Cognates include Ancient Greek δύο (dúo), Old English twa (English two), Persian دو.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈdos/ [ˈd̪os]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -os
• Syllabification: dos

Numeral

dos

1. two

Derived terms

• a dos manos
• cada dos por tres
• como dos y dos son cuatro
• como no hay dos
• como tres y dos son cinco
• dos patitos
• dos puntos
• dos tiempos
• en dos
• en dos palabras
• en un dos por tres
• entre dos aguas
• entre dos luces
• la vida son dos días
• motor de dos tiempos
• nada entre dos platos
• número dos
• paso a dos
• sumar dos más dos

 

See also

Playing cards in Spanish · cartas (layout · text)
as	dos	tres	cuatro	cinco	seis	siete
ocho	nueve	diez	sota	reina	rey	comodín

Noun

dos m pl

1. plural of do

Further reading

• “dos”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014

Swedish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /duːs/

• audio

  (file)

Noun

dos c

1. dose (of a pharmaceutical or drug)

Declension

Declension of dos
	Singular		Plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Nominative	dos	dosen	doser	doserna
Genitive	dos	dosens	dosers	dosernas

Further reading

• dos in Svensk ordbok.

Tagalog

Tagalog numbers ^(edit)

	20
←  1	2	3  →
Cardinal: dalawa     Spanish cardinal: dos     Ordinal: ikalawa, pangalawa     Spanish ordinal: segundo, segunda     Ordinal abbreviation: ika-2, pang-2     Adverbial: makalawa, makadalawa     Multiplier: doble, dalawang ibayo     Distributive: tigdalawa, dalawahan, dala-dalawa     Restrictive: dadalawa     Fractional: kalahati
Tagalog Wikipedia article on 2

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish dos (“two”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈdos/, [ˈdos]

Numeral

dos (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜓᜐ᜔)

1. two

   Synonym: dalawa

   • 2017, Curtis McFarland, Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino, Diksyunaryong Monolingwal sa Filipino: (Monolingual Dictionary in Filipino)‎^[5]:

     Ang dos na bilang ay suwerte para sa kanya.

     The number two is lucky for him.

Derived terms

• ikados
• pusoy dos

 

Related terms

• a-dos
• alas-dos
• beynte dos
• de-dos
• dos-por-dos
• kuwarenta y dos
• nobenta y dos
• otsenta y dos
• sesenta y dos
• setenta y dos
• singkuwenta y dos
• treynta y dos

 

Noun

dos (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜓᜐ᜔)

1. (card games) two (card)

Further reading

• “dos”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018

Walloon

Etymology

From Old French dos, from Vulgar Latin *dossum, from Latin dorsum.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dɔ/

Noun

dos m

1. (anatomy) back

Welsh

Etymology

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /doːs/
• Rhymes: -oːs

Verb

dos

1. (North Wales) second-person singular imperative of mynd

Synonyms

• cer (South Wales)

Mutation

Welsh mutation
radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
dos	ddos	nos	unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

White Hmong

Etymology

From Proto-Hmong *ɢləŋᴮ (“vegetables in the genus Allium”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dɒ˩/

Noun

dos (classifier: lub)

1. (small) onion, leek

References

• Heimbach, Ernest E. (1979) White Hmong — English Dictionary‎^[6], SEAP Publications, →ISBN.

Zazaki

Noun

dos

1. (anatomy) back (of a person)
2. (in the plural) backs (of persons)
3. (swimming) backstroke